Ringworm in cats: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Feline ringworm is a fungal infection that affects cats and can easily spread to other animals and humans. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment of this condition is crucial for preventing its spread and ensuring the well-being of our feline friends.
What is Feline Ringworm?
Feline ringworm is a common fungal infection caused by dermatophytes, a type of fungus that feeds on keratin found in the skin, nails, and hair. Ringworm can affect cats of any age or breed, and it is highly contagious. The fungus thrives in warm, humid environments and can survive in the environment for up to two years.
Causes of Feline Ringworm
Cats can contract ringworm from other infected animals or from the environment. Ringworm is transmitted through direct contact with the fungus, which can be contracted by touching contaminated objects and surfaces or through direct contact with an infected person or animal. Kittens and cats with weakened immune systems or underlying medical conditions are more susceptible to the infection. Additionally, long-haired breeds are more prone to ringworm, as their thick fur provides a perfect environment for the fungus to thrive.
The fungal spores can remain dormant for up to 18 months on various environmental surfaces, including combs, brushes, food bowls, furniture, bedding, and carpet. However, contact with the ringworm fungus does not always lead to an infection, and the amount of environmental contamination and age of the exposed animal are important factors in the development of the infection.
Symptoms of Feline Ringworm
The most common symptoms of feline ringworm include circular, scaly lesions on the skin, hair loss, and itchiness. The lesions may be red or crusty, and they can appear anywhere on the body. In some cases, the fungus can infect the nails, causing them to become thick and brittle.
| Sign | Description | Typical Location |
|---|---|---|
| Skin Lesions | Circular areas of hair loss with scaly, red edges | Face, ears, paws, and tail |
| Itching | Cats may scratch or lick affected areas | Anywhere the lesions occur |
| Crusting | Crusts or scabs may develop over lesions | Anywhere the lesions occur |
| Bald Patches | Hair loss may occur in circular or irregular patterns | Anywhere on the body |
| Thickened Skin | Skin may become thicker and more leathery | Anywhere the lesions occur |
| Inflammation | Skin may appear red and inflamed | Anywhere the lesions occur |
| Scaling | Skin may become scaly or flaky | Anywhere the lesions occur |
| Darkening | Affected skin may become darker in color | Anywhere the lesions occur |
| Swelling | In some cases, affected areas may become swollen | Anywhere the lesions occur |
| Transmission | Ringworm can be spread from cats to humans and other animals | N/A |
Diagnosis of Feline Ringworm
To diagnose feline ringworm, a veterinarian may use a Wood’s lamp, which emits ultraviolet light to detect fluorescent materials in the hair shafts. However, not all dermatophytes are fluorescent, so a culture may also be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. During a culture, a sample of hair and skin is collected to grow in laboratory and then examined under a microscope.
Treatment of Feline Ringworm
Treatment for feline ringworm typically involves a combination of topical and oral antifungal medications, such as miconazole and itraconazole. The length of treatment may vary depending on the severity of the infection, but it usually lasts several weeks to a few months. Environmental cleaning is also essential to prevent reinfection.
Environmental Cleaning
Since feline ringworm is highly contagious and can survive in the environment for a long time, it is crucial to thoroughly clean and disinfect any surfaces, bedding, or toys that the infected cat may have come into contact with. This includes using a diluted bleach solution or an antifungal spray on hard surfaces and washing any fabric items in hot water.
Prevention of Feline Ringworm
Preventing feline ringworm involves maintaining good hygiene practices for your cat and keeping their environment clean and well-ventilated. Additionally, regular check-ups with your veterinarian can help catch and treat any underlying medical conditions that may make your cat more susceptible to ringworm.
Feline ringworm can be a frustrating and uncomfortable condition for cats and their owners. However, with proper diagnosis and treatment, as well as preventative measures, the infection can be managed and eliminated. If you suspect that your cat may have ringworm, it is essential to seek veterinary care and follow their recommended treatment plan.
