Cataracts in dogs: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Introduction

As dogs age, they are at risk of developing cataracts, a common eye condition that can lead to impaired vision or blindness. Canine cataracts can occur for various reasons, and early detection and treatment are essential to preserve their eyesight.

What are Cataracts in Dogs?

Cataracts in dogs refer to a clouding of the lens, the part of the eye responsible for focusing light onto the retina. As a result, the retina cannot receive a clear image, leading to impaired vision or blindness. Cataracts can occur in one or both eyes, and they can vary in severity, from incipient or mild to mature or hypermature.

Causes of Cataracts in Dogs

There are various causes of cataracts in dogs, including genetic predisposition, aging, trauma, inflammation, or metabolic disorders. Certain breeds, such as the Poodle, Cocker Spaniel, and Siberian Husky, are more susceptible to developing cataracts at a young age. However, any dog can develop cataracts as they age.

Symptoms of Cataracts in Dogs

The symptoms of cataracts in dogs can vary depending on the severity and progression of the disease. In the early stages, a dog may not show any signs of discomfort or impaired vision. However, as cataracts progress, a dog may experience cloudiness, bluish-gray or white discoloration in the lens, and a decrease in vision, which can lead to difficulty navigating obstacles or finding their way around the house.

Diagnosis of Cataracts in Dogs

A veterinarian or veterinary ophthalmologist can diagnose cataracts in dogs through a comprehensive eye examination. This exam may include tests such as a Schirmer tear test to check for dry eye, a tonometry test to measure eye pressure, and a fundus examination to assess the retina’s health. The ophthalmologist will also evaluate the severity and location of the cataract and recommend a course of treatment.

Treatment Options for Canine Cataracts

There are several treatment options for canine cataracts, depending on the severity and progression of the disease. In mild cases, observation and monitoring may be recommended. In more severe cases, surgical removal of the cataract by veterinary ophthalmologist may be necessary. This surgery, known as phacoemulsification, involves using ultrasound energy to break up and remove the cloudy lens and replace it with an artificial lens implant.

Things performed before scheduling cataract surgery.

• Evaluate overall health: The veterinarian should perform a thorough physical exam to ensure that the dog is in good overall health and is a suitable candidate for surgery.
• Dental cleaning: Dental disease can increase the risk of infection after surgery, so it’s important to ensure that the dog’s teeth and gums are in good condition before the procedure. A dental cleaning may be recommended before surgery.
• Diabetes control: If the dog has diabetes, it’s important to ensure that the condition is well-controlled before surgery. Uncontrolled diabetes can increase the risk of complications during and after surgery.
• Skin and ear infection control: Skin and ear infections can also increase the risk of infection after surgery. Any skin or ear infections should be treated before the procedure.
• Urinalysis: A urinalysis may be recommended to assess the dog’s kidney function and overall health before surgery.

Risks and Benefits of Cataract Surgery

Cataract surgery in dogs can offer several benefits, including restoring vision and improving their quality of life. It is essential to discuss the risks and benefits of cataract surgery with a veterinary ophthalmologist and make an informed decision based on the dog’s overall health and lifestyle.